REVIEW ARTICLE
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Structure, mechanism and function of prenyltransferases

Po‐Huang Liang

Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

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Tzu‐Ping Ko

Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

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Andrew H.‐J Wang

Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

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First published: 04 July 2002
Cited by: 218
P.‐H. Liang, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Fax: +886 2 2788 9759, Tel.: +886 2 2785 5696 ext. 6070, E‐mail: phliang@gate.sinica.edu.tw or A.H.‐J. Wang, Fax: +886 2788 2043, E‐mail: ahjwang@gate.sinica.edu.tw

Enzymes: UPPS from Escherichia coli (EC 2.5.1.31); DDPPS from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EC 2.5.1.31); PPPS from Arabidopsis thaliana (EC 2.5.1.31); FPPS from E. coli (EC 2.5.1.10); GGPPS from yeast (EC 2.5.1.29); FGPPS from Aeropyrum pernix (EC 2.5.1.33); HexPPS from Bacillus stearothermophilus and yeast (EC 2.5.1.30); HepPPS from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (EC 2.5.1.30); OPPS from E. coli (EC 2.5.1.11); SPPS from Rhodobacter capsulatus (EC 2.5.1.11); DDPPS from human (EC 2.5.1.31); Ras farnesyltransferase from human (EC 2.1.1.100); Rab geranylgeranyltransferase from human (EC 2.1.1.100); squalene cyclase from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius (2.5.1.31); 5‐epi‐aristolochene synthase from Tobacco (EC 4.2.3.6); pentalenene synthase from Streptomyces UC5319 (EC 4.2.3.7); trichodiene synthase from Fusarium sporotrichioides (EC 4.2.3.6).

Abstract

In this review, we summarize recent progress in studying three main classes of prenyltransferases: (a) isoprenyl pyrophosphate synthases (IPPSs), which catalyze chain elongation of allylic pyrophosphate substrates via consecutive condensation reactions with isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) to generate linear polymers with defined chain lengths; (b) protein prenyltransferases, which catalyze the transfer of an isoprenyl pyrophosphate (e.g. farnesyl pyrophosphate) to a protein or a peptide; (c) prenyltransferases, which catalyze the cyclization of isoprenyl pyrophosphates. The prenyltransferase products are widely distributed in nature and serve a variety of important biological functions. The catalytic mechanism deduced from the 3D structure and other biochemical studies of these prenyltransferases as well as how the protein functions are related to their reaction mechanism and structure are discussed. In the IPPS reaction, we focus on the mechanism that controls product chain length and the reaction kinetics of IPP condensation in the cis‐type and trans‐type enzymes. For protein prenyltransferases, the structures of Ras farnesyltransferase and Rab geranylgeranyltransferase are used to elucidate the reaction mechanism of this group of enzymes. For the enzymes involved in cyclic terpene biosynthesis, the structures and mechanisms of squalene cyclase, 5‐epi‐aristolochene synthase, pentalenene synthase, and trichodiene synthase are summarized.

Number of times cited: 218

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